中三 西史試卷 (F3 History Past Paper)
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內容節錄：
Secondary 3
Instructions:
Belilios Public School
Half-yearly Examination, 2015-2016
1. This paper consists of Part A to Part C.
2. Answer all questions.
3. All the answers should be written on the Answer Sheet provided.
Time allowed: 1 hour
Maximum Marks: 100
Do not turn over this page until you are told to do so.
Part A: Fill in the blanks with suitable words or phrases (30 marks)
1. The (a).
was formed by Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in 1882. The
was formed by Britain, France and Russia in 1907. Europe was divided
into two rival camps before the First World War.
was a movement to bring all Slavs under Russian leadership.
3. In 1919, the victorious countries held the (d).
peace talks.
4. In the Treaty of Versailles, the Rhineland would become a (g).
infringed German sovereignty.
to decide on the peace settlement.
was the American President and he proposed the (f).
5. The (h).
solve international conflicts through collective action.
6. Both the Italian and German governments were also unable to solve the post-war problems. As
a result, their people hoped that there would be strong governments or leaders able to solve the
problems. This led to the rise of (i).
in the two countries.
7. The (j).
(1929-1933) was triggered off by the Wall Street Crash. The
economic recession was started in the United States and spread to the world.
was the leader of the Nazi Party. The Nazis believed that Aryan race
(ancestors of the Germans) was superior to all other races and should rule other races. They
advocated exterminating the Jews in order to preserve the purity of the German race. This idea
was called "(1)
zone and this
was set up in 1920. Its main aims were to maintain peace and to
is a belief in military power. In 1931, the Japanese army invaded
in China and later set up the (o).
Manzhouguo.
Part B: Data-based Questions (40 marks)
Study the sources and answer the questions that follow.
Question 1: (12 marks)
Source A: The following is adapted from the German Naval Act (1900).
There is only one means to protect Germany's sea trade and colonies Germany must have a
strong battle fleet. Even a war started against the enemy with the greatest sea power, Germany is
able to threaten its position in the world.
Source B: The following is adapted from a speech made by British First Lord of the Admiralty,
Winston Churchill in 1911.
The purposes of the British navy are essentially defensive. We have no thoughts, and we have
never had any thoughts of aggression. However, there is a difference between British naval power
and that of the great and friendly empire. The British navy is to us a necessity and, from some
points of view, the German navy is to them more in the nature of a luxury. Our naval power
involves British existence. It is existence to us but it is an expansion to them.
(a) According to Source A, which country was regarded as a potential enemy by Germany?
Explain your answer with reference to Source A and using your own knowledge. (3 marks)
(b) According to Source B, what was the attitude of Britain towards the naval program of
Germany? Explain your answer with reference to Source B. (3 marks)
(c) What were the impacts of the armaments race on the European situation before the First World
War? Explain your answer with reference to Sources A and B and using your own knowledge.
Question 2: (16 marks)
Source A: The following cartoon about the Paris Peace Conference was published in France in 1919.
French Prime
Minister Clemenceau
Source B: The following cartoon about the Paris Peace Conference was published in Norway in
Clemenceau told the German representatives "Please feel free to sit here, gentlemen."
(a) With reference to Source A, what was the cartoonist's view on the policy of Clemenceau at the
Paris Peace Conference? Cite one clue from the source to support your answer. (2+2 marks)
(b) Did the cartoonists of Sources A and B share the same view on the policy of Clemenceau at the
Paris Peace Conference? Explain your answer with reference to Sources A and B. (1+4 marks)
(c) Were the cartoonists' views in Sources A and B supported by historical facts? Explain your
answer by using your own knowledge. (1+6 marks)
Question 3: (12 marks)
Source A: The following is a poster used by the Nazi in the 1930 election. The slogan, in German
language, reads as "Jobs, Freedom and Bread!"
Arbeit Freiheit
Sozialiſten!
Source B: The number of seats that the Nazis won in the elections during 1928-32.
The number of seats gained by the Nazis /
Total number of seats in the Parliament
(a) With reference to the slogan 'Bread', what problem did Germany face at that time? (2 marks)
(b) Using your own knowledge, explain why the Nazis used 'Jobs' and 'Freedom' in Source A as
their election slogans. (4 marks)
(c) Was the propaganda of the Nazi Party shown in Source A effective? Explain your answer with
reference to Source B. (1+5 marks)
Part C: Long Questions
Answer the questions with complete sentences
1. Should Germany bear all the responsibility for the First World War? (Hints: You have to explain
in what ways Germany should not be responsible.) (15 marks)
2. Describe the features of Fascism in Italy. (15 marks)
End of Paper
Secondary 3
Part A: Fill in the blanks with suitable words or phrases. (30 marks)
Triple Alliance
Triple Entente
Paris Peace Conference
demilitarized
Great Depression
Belilios Public School
Half-yearly Examination, 2015-2016
Part B: Data-based Questions (40 marks)
(a) Britain. (1 mark)
From the Source:
League of Nations
Time allowed: 1 hour
Maximum Marks: 100
Pan-Slavism
Fourteen Points
totalitarianism
Anti-Semitism
puppet state
Germany wanted to build a strong navy able to confront 'the greatest sea power'. (1 mark)
Own knowledge:
Before the First World War, Britain had the strongest navy. Germany started building the
Dreadnoughts in the 1900s in order to challenge Britain's naval superiority. (1 mark)
(b) Britain held a negative attitude. (1 mark) In Source B, Churchill stated that the German navy was
a luxury (1 mark) and a tool of expansion. (1 mark)
(c) The armaments race increased the tensions in Europe. (1 mark)
From the sources:
According to Source A, Germany wanted to build a strong navy to protect its sea trade and
colonies. It also regarded Britain as its enemy and wanted to challenge its naval
superiority. (1 mark)
According to Source B, Britain criticized the naval program of Germany. The naval race
between Germany and Britain began which worsened Anglo-German relations. (1 mark)
Own knowledge:
Besides the naval race, the Europe powers were involved in an armaments race before the
First World War which increased the risk of war. (1 mark)
As the powers had a lot of weapons and soldiers, they would not give way easily to other
powers when conflicts broke out. (1 mark)
Besides, the armaments race made the Europeans more warlike. They believed that war
could bring glory to the country. They supported going to war to solve problems. (1 mark)
(a) View: France wanted to punish Germany harshly. (2 marks)
The cartoon depicts France as a tiger and depicts Germany as an eagle. In Source A, the
tiger has caught the eagle and is ready to eat it, which implies France would treat Germany
without any sympathy. (2 marks)
(b) Same. (1 mark)
In Source B, Clemenceau asks the German representatives to take their seats, but the chairs
and food are covered by spikes. (2 marks) It means Clemenceau would punish Germany
harshly. (2 marks)
(c) Yes. (1 mark)
Source A: About the policy of Clemenceau - The humiliating defeat of France by Prussia
in 1871 produced a strong hostile feeling in France against Germany. Clemenceau
therefore insisted on punishing Germany severely as he wanted to take revenge on
Germany and to keep Germany permanently weak. (3 marks)
Source B: About the punishment on Germany decided at the Paris Peace Conference
Germany was punishment severely. Germany was not invited to attend the conference but
forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles. According to the treaty, Germany had to disarm, to
give up some land and all colonies, to return Alsace-Lorraine to France, to pay a huge
indemnity, and to accept the War-guilt Clause. (3 marks)
(a) Socio-economic problems as the Germans were unable to earn a living. (2 marks)
(b) The 1929 Great Depression hit the economy of Germany badly. The unemployed population
was more than 6 millions, so the Nazis promised jobs to the unemployed to gain their support.
At the same time, the Germans were very discontented with the Treaty of Versailles as it
imposed many restrictions on Germany and prevented the rise of Germany again. For example,
Germany could only have a small army. Therefore the Nazis promised to repudiate the treaty to
free Germany from its restrictions to gain the support of the Germans. (4 marks)
(c) Effective. (1 mark)
Source A shows that the Nazis promised the Germans what they wanted to win their
support. (1 mark)
The Nazi Party promised the Germans what they wanted and successfully gained their
support through propaganda. According to Source B, the number of seats gained by the
Nazis increased about 20 times between 1928 and 1932. (1 mark) In 1928, the Nazis only
won 12 seats (1 mark) but the situation greatly improved in 1930 as they won 107 seats.
(1 mark) Then in the 1932 election, the Nazi Party gained 230 seats, becoming the largest
party in the Parliament. (1 mark)
Part C: Long Questions (30 marks)
1. Should Germany bear all the responsibility for the First World War? (15 marks)
(Students have to present at least four arguments.)
After the First World War, Germany was forced to bear the sole responsibility for the War.
The Germans were very discontented. In fact, there were many factors leading to the
outbreak of the First World War, such as colonial conflicts, extreme nationalism, the
armaments race and the alliance system. Apart from Germany, many European powers, to
a large extent, had to bear the responsibility for the outbreak of the War. Therefore,
Germany should not bear all the responsibility for the First World War.
Firstly, not only Germany, but also many European powers took part in the competition for
colonies. Germany had colonial conflicts. For example, France and Italy had conflicts
over Tunisia, while Britain and Russia had conflicts over central Asia. Therefore, as
competition for colonies was one of the causes of the First World War, the European powers
that took part in the competition, such as Britain, France and Russia, should also bear some
responsibility for causing the War.
Secondly, extreme nationalism arose not only in German, but also in other parts of Europe.
Germany put forward the idea of Pan-Germanism, which demanded that the German people
should expand in Europe. In fact, Austria-Hungary also put forward a similar idea.
Besides, the French people developed strong revenge feelings against the Germans after the
Franco-Prussian War. Furthermore, Russia put forward the idea of Pan-Slavism, which
demanded that all Slavic people in Europe should be united under Russian control.
be seen that Germany should not bear all the responsibility for the rise of extreme
nationalism.
In addition, nearly all European powers, not just Germany, took part in the armaments race.
Germany advocated foreign expansion, enlarged its navy, and competed with Britain in
building dreadnoughts. However, other European powers increased their military
expenditure, enlarged their army and navy, and invented new weapons as well. For
example, in 1912, the number of Russian soldiers increased to 500,000. In 1913, France
extended the conscription service from 2 to 3 years. It can be seen that besides Germany,
other European powers helped intensify the armaments race in Europe.
Finally, although Germany started the alliance system, France, Britain and Russia also took
part in it.
After the Franco-Prussian War, as Germany was afraid that France would take
revenge on it, it started the alliance system to isolate France. In 1882, Germany formed the
Triple Alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy. In response, France, Russia and Britain
formed the Triple Entente. Therefore, Germany should not bear all the responsibility for
the formation of the alliance system.
In conclusion, Germany should not bear all the responsibility for the outbreak of the First
2. Describe the features of Fascism in Italy. (15 marks)
(Any 5 features)
One-party and one-man dictatorship: All political parties were banned except the Fascist
Party. The government was controlled by Mussolini and his Fascist Party.
Absolute obedience: Mussolini demanded that all people should work for the interests of the
country and obey the state absolutely.
Total control and oppression: The state controlled people's daily life, work and education.
It also set up secret police to watch over the people.
Cult of personality: The Fascist Party promoted the cult of Mussolini. As the basic
government slogan went, "Mussolini is always right."
Anti-communism: Communists believed in the idea of class struggles. This idea would
weaken unity among the people and even national strength. Therefore, the Fascists
suppressed socialist and communist activities in Italy.
Economic self-sufficiency: Mussolini hoped to reduce Italy's economic reliance on foreign
countries in order to protect the country's interests.
Military and territorial expansion: Mussolini greatly increased the military power of Italy.
Before the outbreak of the Second World War, Italy actively expanded its territories in
Africa in order to revive the glory of the Roman Empire.